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| Technology |
Apollo's development of biologic therapeutics stems from
three main technologies. The first two technologies revolve around oral
and transdermal delivery of biopharmaceutical drugs based on such large
molecules as proteins and antibodies. This needle-free delivery aims to
improve patient convenience and comfort. The third technology involves
the production of more natural recombinant human proteins, allowing the
creation of biopharmaceutical drugs that are more effective, require
lower and less frequent doses, and have fewer side effects. Each
technology can individually form the basis of new or better treatments
for a range of diseases where there are significant unmet needs. In
combination, they are potentially transforming. |
| Oral delivery |
Apollo's oral delivery
technology, Oradel™, combines the ability to protect a therapeutic
protein from the harsh stomach environment with actively promoting
transport of the drug into the bloodstream. By contrast, many drugs,
particularly proteins, must currently be injected, as oral delivery can
be inefficient: the proteins are either digested in the intestine or
pass down the intestine without being absorbed, and end up in the bowel.
However, there is demand for a delivery method to replace injections:
many patients may currently avoid medication, simply because they don't
like needles. Apollo has initiated pre-clinical efficacy studies on
oral delivery of peptides and proteins. "Proof of concept" for Oradel™
has been demonstrated at preliminary scale-up levels in pre-clinical
studies. The first application of oral delivery technology is creating
insulin tablets for diabetes, which will be
the first of Apollo's oral drugs to enter clinical trials. |
| Transdermal delivery |
Apollo's TransD™ transdermal delivery
technology overturns the long-held view that large water or oil soluble
molecules such as proteins and antibodies, in contrast to smaller
chemical compounds, cannot penetrate the skin.
Apollo's non-invasive transdermal carrier, TransD™, is based on a
proprietary formulation that is able to deliver a protein-laden
water layer across the skin and into the surrounding dermal and
sub-dermal layers. A key advantage TransD™ offers over competing
transdermal delivery technologies is its ability to deliver a
significantly wider range of molecules than existing transdermal
technologies in terms of size and water or oil solubility.
The transdermal technology opens up the possibility of treating a range
of diseases with topical applications. Apollo's therapeutic skin cream
for psoriasis, which has successfully
completed Phase Ib trials, is one application of Apollo's transdermal
delivery system. |
| Natural human proteins |
Apollo has developed technology that allows it to produce recombinant human proteins
that are expected to offer therapeutic benefits because they more
closely mimic proteins in the human body. Anticipated benefits include
better patient experience, lower side effects and better efficacy. The
company's extensive range of human-expressed (hcx™) proteins forms a
target-rich bank of candidates that can be selected, refined and
developed into biopharmaceuticals to treat a wide range of diseases.
Pre-clinical testing has shown that a specific protein, which elsewhere
has already been established as safe to administer to humans for other
therapies, can be transported across the blood-brain barrier. This has
opened new avenues for developing treatments for brain neurological
conditions. |
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